Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy

• Sujit Kumar Dora,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45

• Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wroclaw, pl. M. Borna 9, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.9.45 Abstract The time dependence of the formation of lotus wax tubules after recrystallization from various

• concentration in solution, we have used solutions of varying concentration, e.g., a very low concentration (0.2 mg/mL), intermediate concentration (0.8 and 1 mg/mL) and a very high concentration (10 mg/mL) of lotus wax in pure chloroform. A series of AFM images shown in Figure 1 demonstrate tubule growth after

• characteristic final surface morphology is also independent of the concentration in solution. The first observation suggests that the growth process follows at least a two-step mechanism: where LWMsol denotes the concentration of dissolved "Lotus wax molecules" in chloroform, LWMsurf corresponds to the

Recrystallization of tubules from natural lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on a Au(111) surface

• Sujit Kumar Dora and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 261–267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.30

• HOPG, the tubules lie flat on Au(111). Taking into account the physical properties of HOPG and Au(111), we put forward a hypothesis which can explain the different tubule orientations on both substrates. Keywords: AFM; Au(111); lotus wax; Introduction Natural nonacosan-10-ol waxes derived from plant

• carboxylic acids [22], polyaniline [23], etc., either by vapor deposition in vacuum, or from solution. The main intention of our study was to demonstrate that tubules from lotus wax can also be reconstituted on single crystal metal surfaces, and compare their kinetics and orientation with materials that have

• glass, mica, and HOPG, we also observed on a Au(111) surface the recrystallization of tubular structures after application of a solution of natural lotus wax in chloroform. AFM images showed that most of the tubules with a polar orientation parallel to the surface reached their final length after

Superhydrophobicity in perfection: the outstanding properties of the lotus leaf

• Hans J. Ensikat,
• Petra Ditsche-Kuru,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 152–161, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.19

• the protrusions. Properties of the lotus wax Both the upper side and the lower side of the lotus leaf are covered with wax tubules. But, as can be seen on the SEM images (Figure 10a, Figure 10b), the waxes of both sides look quite different. The wax tubules of the lower side are longer (1 to 2 μm) and

• lotus wax. The ‘long spacing’ peaks indicate a layer structure which is common in aliphatic waxes. The broad ‘short spacing’ peak at 2θ = 27° indicates a strong disorder in the lateral package of the molecules. Model of a wax tubule composed of layers of nonacosan-10-ol and nonacosanediol molecules. The

Biomimetics inspired surfaces for drag reduction and oleophobicity/philicity

• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 66–84, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.9

• , in the following referred to as Lotus, was used to create tubule structures. Lotus wax with 0.8 µg/mm2 was deposited on the specimen surfaces by thermal evaporation. The specimens with Lotus wax were exposed to ethanol vapor for three days at 50 °C, and then left in the oven at 50 °C for seven days

• in total. Hierarchical structures were fabricated by creating of nanostructures on top of microstructured surfaces, as described above. Flat epoxy resin and microstructure were covered with flat Lotus wax. Flat thin wax layer was made by melting the deposited wax (3 min at 120 °C) and subsequent

• , rib-patterned surface, and the structured surfaces with Lotus wax. The shark skin replica had a static contact angle of 89° and a contact angle hysteresis of 66° for a water droplet. For acrylic resin material, a static contact angle of 82° was found for flat acrylic resin. Introduction of the rib